Three classes of hand saw cuts!

Third Class....lowest class was simply to "rough" cut a piece of wood to general dimensions.
Cuts were made at a 45 degree angle.

Second Class.... Cutting a tenon...mark the wood with a gauge... with a chisel(with the bevel facing toward the waste side) make a nick on the end corner, then pare down a small wedge toward the tenon. Next begin sawing with a smaller tooth hand saw at a 45 degree angle slightly, then saw approx 1/8 of an inch down along the length of the cut. Then cut at a 45 degree angle on one side of the tenon, following the 1/8 inch groove cut. Next turn the work around and finish the cut.

First Class...... this is a saw cut that will be visible on the workpiece. The Shoulder cut is an example of a first class cut. After scoring the piece with a marking guage, then using a large chisel, push down slightly on the scored line with the bevel facing the waste side, next pare down a very small wedge making a small groove for the saw to follow finishing the shoulder cut.